10 Sources- Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Backstein, Karen. "(Un)Safe Sex: Romancing The Vampire." Cineaste 35.1 (2009): 38-41. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 May 2014.

The article tells about the change of vampire films in modern times and how it attracts more audiences. As author mentions, although the vampire film in the 21 century has much creativity and add up with original elements, some the genre of early vampire films is remained.

This article analyzes the changes and differences of vampire films from early years to modern basing on the similarity which has major impact. But to identify the changes, this article does not give detailed illustration to explain each example.

In the article, there is one paragraph describes the difference of vampire character which is applicable for my research that indicates the dangerous of early vampire figure such as Dracula, and the more harmless of modern vampire who control his desire and impulses.

Benefiel, Candace R. "Blood Relations: The Gothic Perversion Of The Nuclear Family In Anne Rice's Interview With The Vampire." Journal Of Popular Culture 38.2 (2004): 261-273. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 May 2014.

The thesis talks about the classical vampire film Interview with the Vampire which is adapted from Anne Rice’s novel in 1976. Different from the dark Gothic fiction in the late 20^th century America, this film is an innovation that breaks down the old evil image of vampire. This thesis explores new vampire paradigm and the family relationship in the film Interview with the Vampire.

As the author indicates, the vampire characters in the film are more human-like. They are tired of immortality and pursuit the normal life of human; they think about the meaning of existence and feel guilt with impunity. In this aspect, the author is effectively analyzed the vampire as a seminal figure be created in the film.

In the thesis, the nuclear family of vampires is considered an important element which complicates the relationship among three main characters. In this relationship, we can find out the feature of vampire characters more clearly which is helpful for my research of vampire figure.

"Bram Stoker's Dracula." Afro - American Red Star: 0. Nov 14 1992. ProQuest. Web. 7 May 2014.

Dracula is the most classic vampire character in the history created by Bram Stoker in 1897. As a dangerous but attractive character, the story of Dracula is popular and impressive which was made into film in 1992. This article analyzes the concrete image of Dracula expressed in the film.

The author gives explanation of the film "Bram Stoker's Dracula" which tells a love story, and the vampire Dracula represented in this film is a tragic role who is frightening but also pitiful. In addition, the article also emphasizes the unique narrative way in this film, which is considered an important part that explains the success of the film.

In the article, there is an analysis about the element of love and human emotion which is emphasized in the film. The cruel vampire becomes more humanized and also has a pitiful side because of the pursuit of true love. This is a good material for me to analyze the change of vampire character in the film.

Bryce, Devon Elizabeth. "Surviving the Change: The Domestication of the Vampire in Literature, Film, and Television." Order No. MR54610 University of Alberta (Canada), 2009. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 6 May 2014.

Vampire as an original genre of film always draws much attention. With time goes by, vampire films have also changed to keep pace with new era and audience. The feature of vampire comes from folklore which is mysterious and horrible changes into a beloved role. The thesis explores the transformation and domestication in vampire film and literature.

Bryce tells about the vampire as a dreadful figure in early German and British works, and analyzes its change which means being domesticated with pretty effective examples. But the author uses too many paragraphs analyze the early vampire figure, and has less explanation about political and social situation during that period which causes changes.

In the thesis, there are many explorations about the change and innovation of vampire features and categories in different time period, and author gives many examples such as demonize, melancholy, and from unknown to normal. These analyses are useful for my research which related to the changes of vampire figure. 

Guyant, Valerie L. "Vixen, Virgin Or Vamp? Female Characters in Vampire Literature Past and Present." Order No. 3473021 Northern Illinois University, 2011. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 6 May 2014.

In the vampire genre, the female character often plays an important role in the story and gives rise to a lot of comments. Actually, the female characters also changes in different vampire literature from past to present, and people’s attitudes to those female roles are not static. In this article, the author examines the different representation of female characters in different periods’ vampire literature.

This article pays more attention on analyzing the meaning of female characters in vampire genre in different times rather than comparing the specific differences among them. The author explains the representation and meaning of female characters in various aspects which mostly related to western cultural and social factors.

The exploring of the meaning of female character in vampire literature provides many ideas can be referenced for my study. For instance, the inappropriate sexual behavior of woman figure implies the societal attitudes to women and potential intention of social reform.

Meyer, Jenna. ""You'Re a Vampire... was that an Offensive Term? should I Say 'Undead American'?" the Evolution of the Vampire in Popular Culture." Order No. 1482240 State University of New York at Buffalo, 2010. Ann Arbor: ProQuest.Web. 7 May 2014.

In this article, the author explores the evolution of the vampire in the culture form its origin in vampire myth and folklores to the related literature and films. The article also reflects this evolution which refers to the social influence and the innovation of traditional vampire figure.

The vampire has changed with the evolution in various genres by different creators, but still there exists some relevance to the early vampire works. Instead of demonstrating the evolution of vampire image, this article tells about the similarity and difference between traditional and modern vampire in popular culture.

From this article, it is helpful to learn the cultural changes as well as the societal influences with the evolution of vampire from past to current days, and it is also an important part in my research exploring social background and audiences in different period of vampire film.

Morrison, R. D. "Metamorphoses of the Vampire in Literature and Film: Cultural Transformations in Europe, 1732-1933."Choice 48.1 (2010): 71-2. ProQuest. Web. 7 May 2014.

The image of vampire changes over time in the film history. The vampire feature first comes from folklore which is mysterious and horrible, and then changes into a more humanized and charming role who is widely loved by audience. This thesis explores the metamorphosis of vampire in film and literature along with the transformation of Europe culture.

The thesis begins with illustration, Morrison introduces the vampire as a dreadful figure in early German and British works, and then he analyzes the relationship between vampire works and the development of Europe culture.

Morrison’s analysis of the evolution of vampire in film and literature is very distinctive and valuable for this research. And also in the thesis, he explores the different representations of vampire in Europe culture, and what it implies towards political and social changes during that period. 

Oakley, Samantha. ""I could Kill You quite Easily, Bella, Simply by Accident.": Violence and Romance in Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight" Saga." Order No. 1512424 Minnesota State University, Mankato, 2012. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 6 May 2014.

This thesis talks about the interconnection of violence and romance in relationships between the protagonists in the vampire film Twilight Saga. Different from early vampire films which consist of many frightening and violent scenes, in the Twilight Saga, the general atmosphere of the film is warmer and romantic, and the vampire character is normalized and emotional.

It is clear that this thesis implies the difference of the Twilight Saga to early vampire films and literature, which emphasizes the element of romance. In addition, the author also points out still there exist violence and dangerous because of the vampire nature. So, the relationship between Bella and Edward is both romantic and violent which is contradictory.

From this thesis, I have deeper understanding about the relationship between two protagonists, as well as the vampire character represented in this film which I also need to explore in my research. Edward is more emotional, normalized with self-control and belittlement. And there is a psychologically suffer and abuse that he has to endure his instinct and feeling to Bella.

Pierce, Sarah E. "From Demon to Daimon: A Mythic and Depth Psychological Analysis of the American Hero Vampire." Order No. 3528240 Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2012. Ann Arbor: ProQuest. Web. 6 May 2014.

With the development of the vampire film from past to now, the vampire character has changed a lot. In particular in the modern times, the vampire is becoming a popular and heroic figure. This thesis explores the reasons of the heroisation of vampire image in the film, and suggests its relation to American psyche.

Pierce examines the vampire figure in four main aspects which concerning heroism, such as the special meaning of existing, to pursue perfect and romantic love which is also a kind of suffer. All these elements are well explained and also show the specific pattern of culture in current America.

There are some clever ideas in this thesis can be referenced into my research paper, such as the exploration of the vampire image as a superhero, specific analysis about four aspects that make vampire heroized, and how these aspects related to the feature of contemporary culture in America.

Pullinger, Kate. "Re-Creating the Vampire Myth." Quill & Quire 62.5 (1996): 14. ProQuest. Web. 7 May 2014.

This article is about the analysis of vampire character in different times of vampire films. 18^th to 19^th centuries are the times the vampire genre grows popular, from different time period and with different perspectives of creator, every generation creates new idea that enriches the vampire myth.

This article talks about the author’s reflection to the vampire films and early literature that he has watched in order to write his own vampire novel. Unlike directly analyzing the different vampire character, this article is more like a narrative by using first person to write how he started to create his own vampire tale, and telling his thoughts and analysis towards different vampire character in it.

The author mentions several great points about the analysis of vampire character that can be used for my topic. With time goes on, the vampire image grows diversity, such as an aristocratic class role has relationship with society. And in 1980’s novel, vampire even becomes an anti-hero that subverts gothic tradition.